| Significance of Par Value of a Stock |
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| Common stock and other securities may be issued with or without a stated face value or "par" value. Issuing stock with or without par or face value may have several consequences. More... |
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| Trademark Law |
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| (Federal False Advertising and False Designation of Origin Claims) More... |
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| Independent Director Audit Committee Requirements for New York Stock Exchange Companies |
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| Independent directors must make up the majority of the board of directors of a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In addition, listed companies must have several committees made up entirely of independent directors, including the Audit Committee. More... |
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| Minority Shareholder Remedies |
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| Shareholders who control corporations either through majority ownership or ownership of sufficient shares in a particular corporate structure to exercise control have a duty of fairness to minority shareholders. In addition to such fairness required by courts, corporation statutes of most states provide for additional remedies for minority shareholders. Those remedies include appraisal rights, dissolution, and judicial intervention. More... |
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| The Federal Antitrust Law Exemption for State Action |
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| Federal antitrust laws are considered inapplicable to economic regulation by the States. In Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341 (1943), the Supreme Court reasoned that in the "dual system of government" of the United States, any subtraction by Congress from the sovereign powers of the states must be explicitly stated. Nothing in the Sherman Act (the first federal antitrust law) or in the legislative history of the Sherman Act indicated a Congressional intent to subject state regulatory activities to the Sherman Act. More... |
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